Definition of the pathology

Otitis is an inflammation or infection of the ear:

• Otitis externa: Otitis externa is an infection on the outside of the ear at the beginning of the eardrum, the membrane that separates the outer and middle ear and is important for hearing. This type of otitis is usually caused by using cotton buds, inserting small objects into the ear, or exposure to heat and humidity, which is common after going to the beach or swimming pool.
• Otitis media: Otitis media is an inflammation of the back of the eardrum and is usually caused as a result of colds or flu, or is associated with viruses such as influenza or rhinovirus, or bacteria such as Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae. Less commonly, otitis media can be caused by allergies, reflux, fungal infections or changes in the structure of the ear.
• Otitis internus: Otitis internus is an infection in the deepest part of the ear where the labyrinth, a structure responsible for balance and hearing, is located. This type of inflammation is usually caused by viruses or bacteria and can cause symptoms such as dizziness, pain in the ear, balance problems, tinnitus or hearing loss.