Origins of betaine

Betaine is a "quaternary ammonium" molecule extracted from sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), giving it its characteristic purple colour.

The first betaine, discovered in 1860, had the chemical name trimethylglycine (TMG) or glycine betaine because it is a direct derivative of glycine.

Betaine is a plant pigment extracted from sugar beet and is used primarily as a supplement to aid digestion and prevent fat accumulation in the liver.

Functions of betaine

Betaine is produced by the body through the oxidation of choline, which has long been called vitamin B4 and is actually a B vitamin.

It consists of an amino acid, glycine, and three methyl groups.

It exists in two forms: betaine citrate and betaine HCl (or hypochlorite).

Betaine is formed by the liver and kidneys from choline.

It is one of the main sources of methyl in the human body.

It is involved in the formation of the essential amino acid methionine, which is involved in many metabolic reactions and must be provided by the diet as the body cannot manufacture it.

It regulates cellular hydration and plays an essential role in lipid metabolism and hepatic balance.

Its synthesis tends to decrease with age.

Betaine is found naturally in beetroot, spinach, wholemeal cereals (barley, quinoa, oats) and some animal products.

The recommended dietary intake is between 100 and 800 mg of betaine per day.

Benefits of betaine

Betaine is marketed for digestive or hepatic disorders (i.e. affecting the liver) and to optimise the metabolism of fats and sugars.

It is sometimes recommended for alcoholics to protect the liver.

Betaine is also used by some athletes, including bodybuilders, to build muscle mass and strength.

A placebo-controlled American study showed a significant increase in muscle mass with 2.5 grams of betaine per day.

The use of betaine citrate should remain occasional.

In the event of recurrent indigestion, it is advisable to consult a doctor.

Dosage 

Supplementation offers betaine in the form of capsules, dissolved granules, effervescent tablets or drinkable solutions.

The recommended amount of active betaine is generally 500mg per day.

Take 1 capsule a day with a large glass of water, at mealtimes, as required or as advised by a therapist.

Precautions for use

Not recommended for pregnant or breastfeeding women without medical advice.

Do not exceed recommended dose.

Take as part of a varied and balanced diet.