Family

• Asteraceae

Constituents

• Phenolic acids : cinnarine, chlorogenic acid
• Bitter principles
• Flavonoids

Parts used

• Leaves

Properties

• Hepatoprotective
• Choleretic (stimulates the production of bile)
• Cholagogue (stimulates the elimination of bile)
• Antioxidant

Indications

• Liver problems
• Gallstones
• Dyspepsia
• Irritated bowel syndrome
• Abdominal swelling
• Nausea
• Jaundice
• Cirrhosis
• Belly pain
• Mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia

Side effects

Gastrointestinal problems such as mild diarrhea (rare adverse effects)

Contraindications

• Allergy to the plant
  Pregnancy and breastfeeding

Interactions

• Diuretics
• Vitamin K antagonists (e.g. warfarin, acenocoumarol, dicoumarol)

Forms of use

• Capsules or tablets
• Infusion
• Decoction
• Standardized extract
• Artichoke juice